journal 3

TURKMEN LANGUAGE

I wanted to write or inform my friends about my mother language that is Turkmen (türkmençe) which is the official language of the Republic of Turkmenistan. Of the approximately 9 million speakers, the majority, a little over 6,5million, lives in Turkmenistan. Speakers also live in Iran (2,000,000), Afghanistan (1,500,000), and to a lesser extent in Turkey, Uzbekistan, Pakistan. Turkmen is not a literary language in Iran and Afghanistan, where many Turkmen tend towards bilingualism, usually conversant in the local dialects of Persian. The Turkmen Language belongs to the greater family of Turkic languages.

 Since Turkmen is spoken in several countries, it is not surprising that it consists of a continuum of varieties differing from each other in a pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. Turkmen has numerous dialects, which differ phonologically and morphologically. Key Dialects: Nokhurly, Yomut, Teke, Salyr, Saryk, Goklen, Arsary, Chowdur. Written Turkmen today is based on the Teke (Tekke) dialect.

Turkmen was written with the Arabic script before 1929. Between 1929 and 1940 it was written with the Latin alphabet, and from 1940 to 1995 it was written with the Cyrillic alphabet. Since 1995 Turkmen has been written with a version of the Latin alphabet based on Turkish. Finally, in 1995, the Täze Türkmen Elipbiýi, or New Alphabet, was formally introduced by President Niyazov to re-align Turkmenistan with the non-Soviet world.

The new alphabet (Täze Elipbiý), containing nine vowels and twenty-one consonants, is much easier for native English speakers to read and understand than the Cyrillic, and also seems better suited to the Turkmen language.

In general, Turkmen employs a Subject-Object-Verb word order, as is typical for Turkic languages, but other orders are possible in certain discourse situations. As such, Turkmen makes use of postpositions rather than prepositions, and unique relative clauses that precede the verb. In some ways Turkmen is an easy language to learn. Unlike Russian or Spanish, Turkmen has no genders. There are no irregular verbs. For the most parts, words are written exactly as they are pronounced. Finally, Turkmen's grammatical case system is remarkably simple once understood, and has almost no exceptions.

To sum up, I hope I could give same basic information to my you and also here are same basic words and phrases.  

Basic words

English/Turkmen: Hi, Hello “Salam”, yes “hawa”, no “yok”, and “we”, Help me “(Maňa)kömek edin”, Thank you “Sag boluň/bol”, sorry “bagyşlaň”, good “gowy”, bad “erbet”.

 Relatives

English/Turkmen: father “ata/kaka”, mother “ene/eje”, son “ogul”, girl “gyz”, mother-in-law “gaýyn ene”, bride “gelin”, aunt “daýza”, grandmother “mama/ene”, grandfather “baba/ata”.

Body parts

English/Turkmen: heart “ýürek”, head “baş”, eye “göz”, ear “gulak”, hair “burun”, hand “el”, finger “barmak”, foot “aýak”.

Basic phrases        

1.                  Ýagdaýlaryňyz nähili?              How are you?

2.                  Men düşünmedim.                    I don't understand.     

3.                  Sag boluň, men oňat.                I'm fine, thank you.   

4.                  Meniň adym...                          My name is... 

5.                  Siz bilen duşuşmagyma öran şat.         Pleased to meet you.               

6.                  hoş sag boluň                            goodbye         

7.                  soňrak duşuşarys                     see you later   

8.                  tiz wagtdan duşuşarys              see you soon   

article reflection 2

PowerPhrases:

The Key to Winning Respect

 Saying what you mean and meaning what

   you say can help you become heard.

                                                                                                                  Meryl Runion

I chose this article because I liked it so much and also there are lots useful advices which will be very useful for our life if we can do them. For example, people respect people who do what they say so in order to be respected we should do everything that we said. If we do what we say then people respect us and also they will believe us. In the article it says that if person does not respect his own words then it is senseless to expect that other people’s respect. I totally agree with that idea because like everyone else I also have some experiences about it; for example, one of my friends did not come the time which she said that she would come and then the next time I were late as I know that she would come late than she said. Moreover, the article says powerphrases are short that is keep your sentences short and direct, then people will respect you more. If one keeps his or her sentences short then the listener will not be bored and he or she will pay more attention. Also people need to say some kind of things directly if they cannot do or do not want to do. For example, if one of your friend invites you to the bar but you do not want to go then in order saying sorry I have another things to do even you do not, then it will be better saying I do not want to go to the bar but we can go together to cinema. Furthermore, one of the most important things for getting respect is people’s outlook, I mean, self-esteem how they express themselves while talking with other people and also their closing. People pay attention to the closes during the talk like is his or her closes are tidy or clean and so on.

To sum up, people should pay attention both their words and outlook in order to get respect as it is written in the article. I recommend you to read that article then you will be informed more widely about this topic. In short, after this reading I hope we can win people’s respect very easily.

journal 2

Getting Ready for the Classroom

      I must say that I very much like this topic as it is related to our future life. We are future teachers so we should know how to get ready for the classroom. I have learned lots of things from most of our courses and I hope I will use this knowledge my future career. Firstly, teaching as an art and a science. There is an argument that teachers are born not made; however, teaching is a science and can be taught.  For me both of them are true. I mean, some people are born with the ability of just to teach or help people and also they are successful of it. However, there are people who like to teach but not so successful, and in my opinion they can learn how to teach an effective way and can be successful. Above all of this, teaching is a complex and challenging profession. Moreover, generally there is belief that teachers who are warm and who loves the students are more effective teachers than teachers who are lack of those characters. To being warm and having love towards students are important things for being an effective teacher but it is not enough. In addition, teachers should encourage students to being active and to use active techniques such as real-world experiments. In shortly, as it is mentioned in the several courses, effectiveness depends on the subject, students, and environmental conditions. I can give examples in my own learning and teaching experiences. When we were in high school we did not listen to the topics which we did not interested in or we did not want to learn how to work with computers as there were not new versions of computers. When I went to teach students in our community service lesson some of them did not want to learn English as they do not have enough internal and external love or need so this kind of things can be huge problems for teachers. However, effective teachers can change students’ ideas in a good side by planning enjoyable activities, setting clear goals, treating all students fairly and equally, having positive expectations, and having responsibility.

     To sum up, as I mentioned before our courses which we are taking in our department will be very useful when we become a teacher, and also, I hope we can be an effective teachers in the future, because we are learning or reading the effective teachers characteristics.